Hardware
Commonly used hardware materials are made of five metals: gold, silver, copper, iron, and aluminum.
1. The elemental (free) form of gold, commonly known as gold, is a popular precious metal that has been used as currency, store of value and jewelry for many centuries.
In nature, gold appears in the form of elemental gold nuggets or gold particles in rocks, underground veins and alluvial layers. Gold is also one of the monetary metals. The element of gold is solid at room temperature, with high density, softness, brightness, and corrosion resistance. Its ductility is second only to platinum.
2. Silver (Argentum) is a kind of transition metal. Chemical symbol Ag. Silver is one of the metals known and utilized since ancient times, and it is an important precious metal.
Silver exists as a simple substance in nature, but most of it exists in silver ore in the form of a compound state. The physical and chemical properties of silver are relatively stable, with good thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, soft and ductile. Its reflectivity is extremely high, up to more than 99%. There are many important uses.
3. Copper is a transition element, chemical symbol Cu, English copper, atomic number 29. Pure copper is a soft metal, the surface is red-orange with metallic luster when it is just cut, and the element is purple-red.
It has good ductility, high thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, so it is the most commonly used material in cables and electrical and electronic components. It can also be used as a building material and can be composed of many kinds of alloys. Copper alloys have excellent mechanical properties and low resistivity, the most important of which are bronze and brass. In addition, copper is also a durable metal that can be recycled many times without compromising its mechanical properties.
4. Iron (iron) is a metal element with atomic number 26 and chemical formula of iron element: Fe. Pure iron is white or silver-white with metallic luster. Melting point 1538℃, boiling point 2750℃, soluble in strong acid and medium strong acid, insoluble in water. Iron has 0 price, +2 price, +3 price and +6 price, among which +2 price and +3 price are more common, +6 price is rare.
5. Aluminum, silver-white light metal. Extensible. Commodities are often made into rods, sheets, foils, powders, ribbons and filaments. In moist air, it can form an oxide film that prevents metal corrosion. Aluminum powder can burn violently when heated in the air, and emit a dazzling white flame.
Soluble in dilute sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide solution, insoluble in water. Relative density 2.70. Melting point 660 ℃. Boiling point 2327 ℃.
Extended information:
Modern Hardware:
History has entered the modern industrial society, and the metal-hardware industry has developed rapidly. The hardware industry has played an inestimable role in the development of the national economy. Hardware products have also become an indispensable industrial link in industrial manufacturing.
Instead, it is used as ancillary products for industrial manufacturing, semi-finished products, and tools used in the production process. Only a small part of daily hardware products are tool consumer goods that people must live with.
In the national economic industry classification of the National Bureau of Statistics, manufacturing is the third largest industry. Including: the production and manufacture of living materials, such as: agricultural and sideline products, food and beverages, tobacco, textiles, clothing, leather, wood furniture, printing and sports supplies, and pharmaceutical manufacturing.
Manufacture of means of production, such as: petrochemicals, chemical fibers, rubber and plastics, non-metallic product manufacturing, metal smelting and processing, metal product manufacturing, general equipment manufacturing, industry-specific equipment manufacturing, and transportation equipment manufacturing, electrical equipment, communications electronics and many more.
The related products in the classification of metal products in the manufacturing industry and general parts and components in general equipment manufacturing constitute the “hardware” in the usual sense. It can be seen that “small hardware” is not an existing industry category, but a cross combination of the above-mentioned metal products-hardware products.
In the entire manufacturing industry, the responsibility of ‘hardware’ is to provide manufacturing enterprises with parts and production tools, rather than as end-use industry-specific equipment. Nevertheless, we cannot deny the important role of “hardware” in the social production process: “hardware” and manufacturing are an inseparable whole intertwined with
